List of top Questions asked in CBSE CLASS XII- 2026

Akki, the Chief Executive Officer of Atria Ltd., a company engaged in manufacturing consumer electrical appliances, was planning to expand his business. For that, large amount of funds were required. He was evaluating different sources of finance and the best mix of funds. Akki approached his friend, Pranav, a Chartered Accountant for guidance. During their discussion, Pranav talked about financial leverage and advised Akki to use more of debt for expansion. Pranav explained that as the financial leverage increases, the cost of funds declines because of increased use of cheaper debt, though the financial risk increases. However, Akki was unable to clearly understand the meaning of financial leverage.

Which of the following statements best explains the meaning of financial leverage with reference to the above case ?

Kavita was gifted a lot of equity shares of different companies by her grandfather on her birthday. The shares were in the form of physical share certificates. Although, the certificates were legally valid, they were difficult to store, manage and trade. So, Kavita got the shares converted into an electronic form.

The process followed by Kavita to get the shares converted into electronic form is known as :

The process of converting the message into communication symbols such as words, pictures, gestures etc. is known as ____________.

Read the following statements : Assertion (A) and Reason (R).

Assertion (A) : Transportation is one of the major elements in the physical distribution of goods.

Reason (R) : There may be a difference between the time a product is produced and the time it is required for consumption.

Choose the correct alternative from the following :

Identify the level of packaging that refers to the product’s immediate container :

Shweta, a graduate from ‘Premier Institute of Fashion Technology’, was keen to start her own fashion accessories business. She used foresight and intelligent imagination to visualise future demand for her products and possible challenges she could face. Shweta relied on logical and systematic thinking to decide the actions to be taken on various aspects of the business, such as target customers, the types of products to design and the resources required.

The feature of planning highlighted in the above case is :

Read the following statements : Assertion (A) and Reason (R).

Assertion (A) : Financial planning makes the firm better prepared to face the future.

Reason (R) : It helps in forecasting what may happen in future under different business situations.

Choose the correct alternative from the following :

According to Maslow, within every human being, there exists a hierarchy of five needs. Identify the correct sequence of these needs from the lowest level to the highest level :

Read the following statements carefully :

Statement I : A formal organisation emerges spontaneously from within the informal organisation.

Statement II : In an informal organisation, unity of command is maintained through an established chain of command.

Choose the correct option from the following :

Sudha works in a departmental store. Her job is to ensure that her department is adequately staffed and that her team performs at an optimum level. She assigns them duties and responsibilities and motivates them to ensure that they achieve the desired objectives. The level of management at which Sudha is working is :

Explain the following methods of training :

(i) Apprenticeship programmes

(ii) Internship training

(iii) Vestibule training

Explain the following features of the principles of management :

(i) Universal applicability

(ii) General guidelines

Explain the following points of importance of delegation :

(i) Facilitation of growth

(ii) Basis of management hierarchy

(iii) Better coordination

State any four remedies available to the consumer under the provisions of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019.

Explain the following steps in the process of selection :

(i) Preliminary Screening

(ii) Employment Interview

(iii) Job Offer

Explain the following techniques of Scientific Management :

(i) Time Study

(ii) Method Study

____________ refers to the entrustment of responsibility and authority to another and the creation of accountability for performance.

State how the following factors affect the requirements of working capital of a company :

(i) Seasonal factors

(ii) Production cycle

(iii) Inflation

Explain the following techniques of Scientific Management :

(i) Standardisation and Simplification

(ii) Fatigue Study

Explain the following steps in the process of staffing :

(i) Estimating manpower requirements

(ii) Placement and orientation

(iii) Performance appraisal

Explain the following steps in the organising process :

(i) Departmentalisation

(ii) Assignment of duties

(iii) Establishing authority and reporting relationships

State any four points of the importance of consumer protection from a business perspective.

Explain the following external sources of recruitment :

(i) Campus Recruitment

(ii) Recommendation of employees

(iii) Employment Exchange

Explain the following points of importance of planning :

(i) Planning provides directions

(ii) Planning reduces the risk of uncertainty

(iii) Planning reduces overlapping and wasteful activities

____________ is a detailed statement about a project which outlines the objectives, policies, procedures, rules, tasks, human and physical resources required and the budget to implement any course of action.