List of top Questions asked in CBSE CLASS XII- 2026

Dinkar, the General Manager at ‘Tara Lamps’ noticed that rising costs were affecting the company’s profits. To increase the profits, he decided to reduce the costs and increase the productivity. He planned for rearrangement of work processes, assigned the tasks according to workers’ skills, gave clearer directions to employees than before and regularly controlled the activities of the organisation. This not only resulted in cost reduction but also in increased productivity and profits.

The point of importance of management highlighted in the above case is :

Match the incentives given in Column I with their meanings given in Column II.

Choose the correct option from the following :

Rohit is a manager at a furniture manufacturing company. The company holds an annual sale in the month of December, which is very popular. Rohit prepares the production plans for the annual sale well in advance, in the month of June every year. After planning, he ensures that enough workers are available and continuously monitors whether the work is progressing as scheduled or not. He also informs the marketing team well in time so that they can plan their promotional campaigns accordingly.

The feature of coordination highlighted in the above case is :

Identify the incorrect statement with respect to the feature of Directing function of management :

Choose the statement that correctly highlights the advantage of Divisional Structure :

‘The larger the lead time, the larger the quantity of material to be stored, and the larger shall be the amount of working capital required.’

The factor affecting the requirement of working capital discussed in the above statement is :

The pouch depicted below contains packets of different flavours of chips.

Identify the level of packaging of the pouch :

Identify the incorrect statement with respect to the importance of business environment :

‘Agri Solutions’, a fast-growing agri-tech company, was facing a problem of employees leaving the organisation frequently. As a result, work suffered and time and money were spent repeatedly on recruitment and training. On investigation, it was found that the problem was due to employees not getting sufficient time to settle into their new roles. So the company decided to keep their employees at the same position for a minimum tenure and give them sufficient time to show results. This led to a significant reduction in employee turnover and improvement in organisational efficiency.

The principle of management highlighted in the above case is :

‘Cosy Garments’ started the manufacturing of jackets in September, 2025. They expected a rise in the demand for jackets during the winter season. To handle the increased workload, the Production Manager estimated the number of workers required during peak production days and planned accordingly.

The type of plan highlighted in the above case is :

____________ is the framework within which the managerial and operating tasks are performed.

Read the following statements : Assertion (A) and Reason (R).

Assertion (A) : The cost of debt is higher than the cost of equity for a firm.

Reason (R) : The lender’s risk is lower than the equity shareholder’s risk, since the lender earns an assured return and repayment of capital.

Choose the correct alternative from the options given below :

‘The business environment differs from country to country and even region to region.’

The feature of business environment reflected in the above statement is :

Read the following statements : Assertion (A) and Reason (R).

Assertion (A) : Motivation can be either positive or negative.

Reason (R) : Individuals are heterogeneous in their expectations, perceptions and reactions.

Choose the correct alternative from the options given below :

‘Planning requires application of mind involving foresight, intelligence imagination and sound judgement.’

The feature of planning reflected by the above statement is :

Sharad was the Operations Manager at ‘Nova Ltd.’ He assigned the task of completing an urgent order to Anita, the Production Supervisor. She was given the authority to plan the work and meet the deadline. Anita further assigned the work to Rohit, a machine operator and asked him to finish it by the end of the day. Rohit did not complete the task on time, due to which the company failed to deliver the order. Who is accountable to Sharad for non-completion of the work ?

Kabir purchased a luxury car for ₹ 2 crores from a well-known car dealer named ‘Global Motors’. Within a few days, he found serious defects in the car. When he contacted ‘Global Motors’, they refused to repair or replace the car. Kabir then filed a case in the appropriate consumer court. However, he was not satisfied with the orders of this court. Where can Kabir file an appeal now ?

Explain the following features of planning :

(i) Planning is a primary function of management

(ii) Planning is continuous

(iii) Planning is a mental exercise

Explain the following characteristics of the principles of management :

(i) Primarily practical

(ii) Cause and effect relationship

(iii) Uncertain/Accidental

Explain the following principles of management :

(i) Authority and Responsibility

(ii) Initiative

(iii) Subordination of individual interest to common good

Explain the following non-financial incentives :

(i) Employee participation

(ii) Employee empowerment

Explain the following points of importance of controlling function of management :

(i) Ensuring order and discipline

(ii) Facilitating coordination in action

Explain the following factors affecting price determination of a product :

(i) Utility and demand

(ii) Government and legal regulations

State any four characteristics of directing function of management.

Explain any four organisational barriers to communication.