List of top Questions asked in CBSE CLASS XII- 2025

Explain the following steps in the process of Selection :

(i) Preliminary screening

(ii) Selection tests

(iii) Job offer

Explain any four points of importance of Decentralisation.

Explain the following components of Physical Distribution :

(i) Order Processing

(ii) Transportation

Explain the following features of Management :

(i) Management is a goal-oriented process.

(ii) Management is all pervasive.

Differentiate between ‘Capital Market’ and ‘Money Market’ on the basis of the following :

(i) Liquidity

(ii) Safety

(iii) Expected Return

Explain the following functions of Marketing :

(i) Standardisation and Grading

(ii) Gathering and Analysing Market Information

Explain the following features of Coordination :

(i) Coordination ensures unity of action.

(ii) Coordination is the responsibility of all managers.

‘The stock exchange can play a vital role in ensuring wider share ownership by regulating new issues, better trading practices and taking effective steps in educating the public about investments.’

The function of the stock exchange highlighted above is :

Explain the following steps in the process of Staffing :

(i) Selection

(ii) Placement and Orientation

(iii) Training and Development

Explain any four limitations of Planning function of management.

Explain the following features of Marketing :

(i) Customer Value

(ii) Exchange Mechanism

Explain the following elements of Promotion Mix :

(i) Advertising

(ii) Public Relations

Explain any four points of importance of ‘Delegation’.

Explain the following features of Coordination :

(i) Coordination integrates group efforts.

(ii) Coordination is a delibrate function.

Explain the following features of Management :

(i) Management is an intangible force.

(ii) Management is a continuous process.

Give the meaning of ‘Money Market’. Differentiate between ‘Capital Market’ and ‘Money Market’ on the basis of the following :

(i) Investment Outlay

(ii) Duration

‘The membership of a stock exchange is well-regulated and its dealings are well-defined according to the existing legal framework. This ensures that the investing public gets a fair deal on the market.’

The function of the stock exchange highlighted above is :

Explain the following features of planning :

(i) Planning is a mental exercise.

(ii) Planning is continuous.

(iii) Planning is futuristic.

(iv) Planning involves decision-making.

Explain the following steps in the process of staffing :

(i) Estimating the Manpower Requirements

(ii) Recruitment

(iii) Performance Appraisal

Explain any four points of importance of Organising function of management.

‘Marut Enterprises’ is a large company manufacturing washing machines. From the last few months, employees have been reporting dissatisfaction with the overall work environment which has led to a decline in productivity. The management realized that there is no coordination between various departments. On one hand, the Production Manager is giving instructions to the workers to speed up the work to achieve the targets whereas on the other hand, the Sales Manager is also giving instructions to the workers of the production department to slow down the production as sales are not picking up. It was also observed by the company’s management that there is a lack of proper communication among different levels of superiors and subordinates. Even in case of emergencies, a worker is not in a position to contact the Chief Executive Officer directly, which is affecting the productivity and the morale of the workforce. The management felt a need to foster a positive environment which may promote team spirit of unity and harmony among the employees.

Identify and explain the three principles of management given by Henri Fayol which can help in addressing the challenges faced by the company.

Explain any two points of importance of consumer protection from the point of view of business.

‘Global Foods Ltd.’, a multinational company in the food processing industry, has a good customer base. Recently it has expanded into new international markets. But due to increased awareness for health care, there is a shift in consumer demand for healthier food options. For this reason, the company needs to adapt to frequent technological advancements in production processes so that healthy food product options can be made available in the market. Additionally, the company is concerned about fluctuations at global level in commodity prices, exchange rates and political conditions. ‘Global Foods Ltd.’ is finding it increasingly difficult to predict future outcomes due to the constantly changing nature of the market. In order to effectively cope up with these significant changes, managers have to understand and examine the environment to develop suitable courses of action. By continuously monitoring the environment and adopting suitable business practices, the company will not only improve its present performance but also continue with it for a long period in achieving its objectives.

Identify and explain two features and two points of importance of business environment discussed in the above para.

A company, ‘SK Energy Ltd.’ is providing solar energy solutions in some states of the country. Now it wants to expand its operations in some other states also. It needs ₹ 30,00,000 for its expansion. The Chief Financial Officer suggested two options for this.

Option I : To raise the entire funds through issue of shares of ₹ 10 each.

Option II : To raise ₹ 10,00,000 through issue of shares of ₹ 10 each and ₹ 20,00,000 by raising debt @ 10% p.a.

The return on investment of the firm is 12% and tax rate is 30%.

(i) Which of the two options will maximise shareholders’ wealth ? Give reason in support of your answer.

(ii) Will the earning per share improve if return on investment of the company is 8% ? Give reason in support of your answer. Show your working clearly.

Explain the following elements of Promotion Mix :

(i) Sales Promotion

(ii) Personal Selling