Which of the following ligands forms a chelate complex ?
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Common chelating ligands include ethylenediamine (en), oxalate (ox), and EDTA.
Chelate complexes are significantly more stable than complexes with similar monodentate ligands.
- Ammonia
- Water
- \( \text{NO}_2^- \)
- Oxalate ion
The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
• A chelate complex is formed when a polydentate (didentate or higher) ligand binds to a single metal ion through two or more donor atoms.
• This process results in the formation of a ring structure, which provides extra stability to the complex (the chelate effect).
Step 1: Analyze the denticity of the given ligands
1. Ammonia \( (\text{NH}_3) \): Monodentate ligand (binds through one N atom).
2. Water \( (\text{H}_2\text{O}) \): Monodentate ligand (binds through one O atom).
3. Nitrite \( (\text{NO}_2^-) \): Monodentate ligand (though ambidentate, it binds through one atom at a time).
Step 2: Identify the polydentate ligand
The Oxalate ion \( (\text{C}_2\text{O}_4^{2-}) \) is a didentate ligand.
It has two oxygen donor atoms that can coordinate simultaneously to the same metal ion.
Step 3: Conclusion on chelate formation
Because the oxalate ion can form a five-membered ring with the metal center, it forms a chelate complex.
The final answer is (D).
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