Which of the following is heteroleptic complex?
Show Hint
- $[Co(NH_3)_6]^{3+}$
- $[Cr(NH_3)_6]^{3+}$
- $[Ni(H_2O)_6]^{2+}$
- $[Co(NH_3)_4Cl_2]^+$
The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Coordination complexes are classified based on the types of ligands attached to the central metal ion.
Step 2: Meaning
A homoleptic complex contains only one specific type of ligand. A heteroleptic complex contains more than one distinct type of ligand in its coordination sphere.
Step 3: Analysis
Options (A), (B), and (C) contain only one type of ligand ($NH_3$, $NH_3$, and $H_2O$, respectively). Since each complex contains only one kind of donor ligand, they are homoleptic complexes. Option (D) contains both ammonia ($NH_3$) and chloride ($Cl^-$) ligands coordinated to the central cobalt ion.
• Coordination compounds are classified as homoleptic or heteroleptic depending upon the number of different ligands attached to the central metal ion.
• A
homoleptic complex contains only one type of ligand coordinated to the metal ion.
• Therefore, complexes containing only: \[ NH_3 \quad\text{or}\quad H_2O \] ligands are homoleptic complexes.
• Examples include: \[ [Co(NH_3)_6]^{3+} \quad\text{and}\quad [Co(H_2O)_6]^{3+}. \]
• A
heteroleptic complex contains two or more different kinds of ligands.
• In option (D), the coordination sphere contains both: \[ NH_3 \quad\text{and}\quad Cl^-. \]
• Since more than one type of ligand is present, the complex is classified as a \[ \boxed{\text{heteroleptic complex}}. \]
• Thus, options (A), (B), and (C) are homoleptic, whereas option (D) is heteroleptic.
Step 4: Conclusion
Because there are two different types of ligands, $[Co(NH_3)_4Cl_2]^+$ is classified as a heteroleptic complex.
Final Answer: (D)
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