Which one of the following phases is associated with gradual slowing down of population growth in India?
Show Hint
• Phase I = Stagnant (1901--1921)
• Phase II = Steady (1921--1951)
• Phase III = Explosion (1951--1981)
• Phase IV = Slowing Down (1981--Present)
- Phase I
- Phase II
- Phase III
- Phase IV
The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Overview of Population Growth Phases in India:
The demographic history of India is characterized by four distinct growth phases:
• Phase I (1901--1921) -- Period of Stagnant Growth: Characterized by extremely high birth and death rates. Growth was minimal, with a negative growth rate recorded between 1911 and 1921.
• Phase II (1921--1951) -- Period of Steady Growth: Improvements in healthcare and sanitation lowered the mortality rate, leading to steady, positive growth.
• Phase III (1951--1981) -- Period of Population Explosion: Rapid developmental programs and healthcare improvements caused a sharp fall in death rates, while birth rates remained very high.
• Phase IV (Post-1981 to Present) -- Period of High Growth with Gradual Slowing Down: The growth rate remains high but has entered a clear decelerating trend. This is due to rising age at marriage, improvements in female literacy, and successful family welfare programs.
Step 2: Identifying the Correct Phase:
The question asks for the phase associated with the gradual slowing down of population growth. This trend defines Phase IV.
Step 3: Verification:
Therefore, Option (D) is the correct choice.
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