Question

Explain the reason of high net population increase in Stage II of Demographic Transition Theory.

Answer 1

• In Stage II of the demographic transition, there is a high net population increase due to a significant decline in the death rate (DR) while the birth rate (BR) remains relatively high.
• The decline in the death rate is primarily driven by improvements in public health, sanitation, medical advancements, and better nutrition. These factors reduce mortality rates, especially among infants and children.
• However, the birth rate remains high because traditional cultural norms and practices continue to encourage large families, and there may be a lack of access to family planning or contraception.
• The difference between the birth rate and the death rate results in a high natural increase in population, leading to rapid population growth.

Answer 2

Aspect	Stage I (High Fluctuating)	Stage III (Low Fluctuating)
Characteristics	High birth rates and high death rates, resulting in low population growth.	Low birth rates and low death rates, resulting in very low population growth or decline.
Causes	Poor healthcare, high infant mortality, limited food/resources, frequent epidemics.	Advanced healthcare, contraception use, higher education, economic development.
Examples	Rainforest tribes, remote communities.	Developed countries like Canada, Japan, USA.
Birth Rate	High	Low
Death Rate	High	Low
Population Growth	Low	Very low or stable
Socio-economic Conditions	Primitive or underdeveloped	Highly developed

Answer 3

• Economic Development: Countries in Stage III are typically highly developed with advanced economies. They have diversified industries, high levels of technological innovation, and strong infrastructure.
• Healthcare and Education: There is universal access to high-quality healthcare and education. Life expectancy is high, and infant mortality rates are very low.
• Family Planning: Access to family planning and contraception is widespread, leading to lower fertility rates as people choose to have smaller families.
• Urbanization: A high percentage of the population lives in urban areas, and there is a shift from agrarian economies to service-based and knowledge-driven economies.
• Social Security: Robust social security systems provide support for the elderly, reducing the need for large families as a form of insurance against old age.
• Environmental Awareness: There is greater awareness and action regarding environmental sustainability, reflecting the advanced socio-economic conditions.