Step 1: Concept
Informal communication (often called the grapevine) refers to the unofficial, spontaneous channels of information exchange within an organization.
Step 2: Meaning
It flows outside the formal hierarchical structure and is based on personal and social relations among the staff.
Step 3: Analysis
• Keeping communication professional is a characteristic of formal communication.
• Maintaining official documentation is exclusive to formal, written channels (memos, reports).
• Establishing procedures requires formal, authoritative communication.
• Encouraging people to share problems freely is a direct benefit of the relaxed, non-threatening environment created by informal networks. Employees speak without fear of reprimand.
Step 4: Conclusion
The psychological relief and freedom of expression provided to employees is a major advantage of informal communication.
Final Answer: (A)