What are ambident nucleophiles? Explain with an example.
Solution and Explanation
Ambident nucleophiles are nucleophiles having two nucleophilic sites. Thus, ambident nucleophiles have two sites through which they can attack. For example, nitrite ion is an ambident nucleophile.
Nitrite ions can attack through oxygen resulting in the formation of alkyl nitrites. Also, it can attack through nitrogen resulting in the formation of nitroalkanes.
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- Azeotropic mixture of water and HCl boils at 381.5 K. By distilling the mixture it is possible to obtain
Write IUPAC names of the following compounds and classify them into primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
(i) (CH3 )2CHNH2 (ii) CH3 (CH2 )2NH2 (iii) CH3NHCH(CH3 )2
(iv) (CH3 )3CNH2 (v) C6H5NHCH3 (vi) (CH3CH2 )2NCH3 (vii) m–BrC6H4NH2
Give one chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.
(i) Methylamine and dimethylamine
(ii) Secondary and tertiary amines
(iii) Ethylamine and aniline
(iv) Aniline and benzylamine
(v) Aniline and N-methylanilineAccount for the following:
(i) pKb of aniline is more than that of methylamine.
(ii) Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is not.
(iii) Methylamine in water reacts with ferric chloride to precipitate hydrated ferric oxide.
(iv) Although amino group is o– and p– directing in aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions, aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of m-nitroaniline.
(v) Aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction.
(vi) Diazonium salts of aromatic amines are more stable than those of aliphatic amines. (vii) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is preferred for synthesising primary amines.
Top CBSE CLASS XII Haloalkanes And Haloarenes Questions
- Name the following halides according to the IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides:
(i) \((CH_3)_2CHCH(Cl)CH_3\)
(ii) \(\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}(\text{CH}_3)\text{CH}(\text{C}_2\text{H}_5)\text{Cl}\)
(iii) \(\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{C}(\text{CH}_3)_2\text{CH}_2\text{I}\)
(iv) \((CH_3)_3CCH_2CH(Br)C_6H_5\)
(v) \(\text{CH}_3\text{CH}(\text{CH}_3)\text{CH(Br)CH}_3\)
(vi) \(\text{CH}_3\text{C(C}_2\text{H}_5)_2\text{CH}_2\text{Br}\)
(vii) \(\text{CH}_3\text{C(Cl)(C}_2\text{H}_5)\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3\)
(viii) \(\text{CH}_3\text{CH}=C(Cl)\text{CH}_2\text{CH}(\text{CH}_3)_2\)
(ix) \(\text{CH}_3\text{CH}=CHC(Br)(\text{CH}_3)_2\)
(x) \(\text{p-ClC}_6\text{H}_4\text{CH}_2\text{CH}(\text{CH}_3)_2\)
(xi) \(\text{m-ClCH}_2\text{C}_6\text{H}_4\text{CH}_2\text{C(CH}_3)_3\)
(xii) \(\text{o-Br-C}_6\text{H}_4\text{CH(CH}_3\text{)CH}_2\text{CH}_3\) Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:
(i)CH3CH(Cl)CH(Br)CH3
(ii)CHF2CBrClF
(iii)ClCH2C≡CCH2Br
(iv)(CCl3)3CCl
(v)CH3C(p-ClC6H4)2CH(Br)CH3
(vi)(CH3)3CCH=CClC6H4I-p
Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds.
(i) 2-Chloro-3-methylpentane
(ii)p-Bromochlorobenzene
(iii)1-Chloro-4-ethylcyclohexane
(iv)2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1-iodooctane
(v)2-Bromobutane
(vi)4-tert-Butyl-3-iodoheptane
(vii)1-Bromo-4-sec-butyl-2-methylbenzene
(viii)1,4-Dibromobut-2-ene
Which one of the following has the highest dipole moment?
(i)CH2Cl2
(ii)CHCl3
(iii)CCl4
A hydrocarbon C5H10 does not react with chlorine in the dark but gives a single monochloro compound C5H9Cl in bright sunlight. Identify the hydrocarbon.
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