Question

The Calcutta Botanical Garden was founded in 1787 under the aegis of:

• A. James Cook
• B. Robert Fortune
• C. Sir Joseph Banks
• D. Major Robert Bruce

Hint:

Remember key historical figures like Sir Joseph Banks who played crucial roles in botanical exploration during the colonial era.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Concept
The establishment of botanical gardens during the colonial era was often driven by scientific curiosity, trade interests, and the desire to document new plant species. These gardens were frequently founded under the patronage or initiative of influential figures in science, politics, or military.

Step 2: Meaning
Sir Joseph Banks is a well-known figure in British history who played a significant role in botanical exploration during the 18th century. He was a naturalist and botanist who accompanied James Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1768-1771) and later became President of the Royal Society.

Step 3: Analysis
The Calcutta Botanical Garden, now known as the Indian Botanic Garden, was indeed established in 1787. It was founded under the aegis of Sir Joseph Banks. This garden was part of broader efforts to document and cultivate plants from various regions, especially those with medicinal or economic value. James Cook, while an important figure in exploration, did not directly establish botanical gardens. Robert Fortune, although involved in plant collection for the Calcutta Botanical Garden later on, was not its founder. Major Robert Bruce is also not associated with this specific garden's founding.

Step 4: Conclusion
Sir Joseph Banks, a prominent botanist and naturalist of his time, was instrumental in establishing the Calcutta Botanical Garden in 1787 through his influence and patronage. Final Answer: (C)