Question

What is the primary component of the bacterial cell wall that is absent in Archaea?

• A. Cellulose
• B. Peptidoglycan
• C. Chitin
• D. Glycogen

Hint:

Bacteria → Peptidoglycan cell wall; Archaea → No true peptidoglycan.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Concept: The cell wall is an essential structural component in microorganisms, providing shape and protection. Its composition varies between different domains of life.
Step 1: Understanding bacterial cell walls.
Bacterial cell walls are primarily composed of peptidoglycan, a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids.
Step 2: Archaea cell wall composition.
Archaea lack true peptidoglycan; instead, they may have pseudopeptidoglycan or other unique polymers.
Step 3: Significance of this difference.

• Basis for classification of microorganisms
• Important in antibiotic action (e.g., penicillin targets peptidoglycan)

Step 4: Eliminating other options.

• Cellulose: Found in plant cell walls
• Chitin: Found in fungi and exoskeletons of insects
• Glycogen: Storage carbohydrate

Step 5: Conclusion.
Thus, peptidoglycan is the primary component present in bacterial cell walls but absent in Archaea.