Question

Immunity in our body is of two types (i) Innate immunity, and (ii) Acquired immunity. Innate immunity is a non-specific defence mechanism, whereas Acquired immunity is pathogen specific. Acquired immunity is characterised by memory. Antibodies are specific to antigens and there are four types of antibodies produced in our body - IgA, IgE, IgG and IgM. It shows primary response where it encounters the pathogen for the first time and secondary response during the subsequent encounters with the same antigen/pathogen. These immune responses are carried out with the help of two special types of lymphocytes present in the blood.

How is active immunity different from passive immunity ? Write any two differences.

Hint:

Compare who makes the antibodies and how long they last.

Answer 1

Step 1: Understanding the question:
We must compare active and passive immunity and give two clear differences.

Step 2: Difference 1: source of antibodies:
In active immunity the host body itself makes antibodies, after meeting live or dead pathogens or after vaccination.
In passive immunity ready-made antibodies are given from outside, for example colostrum to the baby or an antitoxin injection.

Step 3: Difference 2: speed and duration:
Active immunity is slow to start because the body takes time to make antibodies, but it lasts long and builds memory.
Passive immunity acts at once but is short-lived and gives no memory.

Final Answer:
Active: own antibodies, slow, long-lasting with memory. Passive: ready-made antibodies, quick, short-lived.