Question

Assertion (A): \( p \)-nitroaniline is a weaker base than \( p \)-toluidine.
Reason (R): The electron-donating \( -NO_2 \) group in \( p \)-nitroaniline makes it a weaker base.

• A. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
• B. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
• C. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false
• D. Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Hint:

Electron-withdrawing groups decrease basicity by reducing electron density on nitrogen.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

\( p \)-Nitroaniline is weaker than \( p \)-toluidine because the \( -NO_2 \) group is electron-withdrawing (-M effect), which decreases the electron density on the nitrogen, making it less available for protonation. However, the given reason incorrectly states that \( -NO_2 \) is electron-donating, which is false.