List of top Geology Questions on Applied Geology asked in IIT JAM GG

The surface subsidence at a horizontal distance \( X \) from the centerline of a cylindrical tunnel is given by \( S = S_{\text{max}} \times \exp\left(\frac{-X^2}{0.5H^2}\right) \), where \( S_{\text{max}} \) is the maximum subsidence above the tunnel and \( H = 50 \) m is the depth of the tunnel centerline. The ratio of surface subsidence at \( X = 10 \) m to that at \( X = 20 \) m is .............
Which of the following factors affect(s) the intrinsic spatial resolution of remote sensing imagery?
Natural accumulation of hydrocarbons are expected to occur

Two boreholes A and B, both inclined towards 270°, penetrate a dipping coal bed at the same point and pass through it entirely in the sub-surface as shown in the figure below. The bed dips towards 270°. The thickness of the coal bed, measured along the borehole A is 10 m and along borehole B is 8 m. The angle between the two boreholes is 20°. The orthogonal thickness \( x \) of the coal bed is ........ m. (Round off to one decimal place) 

The data tabulated below are for flooding events in the last 400 years. 
The probability of a large flood accompanied by a glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) in 2025 is ........... \(\times 10^{-3}\). (Round off to one decimal place)
 

YearFlood SizeMagnitude rank
1625Large2
1658Large + GLOF1
1692Small4
1704Large2
1767Large2
1806Small4
1872Large + GLOF1
1909Large2
1932Large2
1966Medium3
2023Large + GLOF1

A satellite launching vehicle is carrying a lander for Moon mapping. 
As shown in the figure below, P is the position where the gravitational forces exerted by Earth and Moon on the vehicle balance out. 
The distance \( P \) from the center of the Earth is ........... \(\times 10^5\) km. (Round off to two decimal places)

The isobaric temperature-composition (T–X) phase diagram given below shows the phase relation between components M and N. The equilibrium melting undergone by the rock R to generate the liquid of composition L is .............. % (In integer )

Which of the following stereographic projections represent(s) an upright plunging fold? 

Match the morphological features in Group I with their corresponding descriptions given in Group II.

Group IGroup II
P. Hyponome3. Long tubular structure
Q. Myophore4. Shaft with a head
R. Hypostome1. A large plate
S. Myostracum2. Irregular prismatic crystals

Refer the dam section shown below. Which one of the following conditions represents the most stable state of the dam against rotation about its center of gravity? 

The following map shows an outcrop of a coal bed that intersects the elevation contours. Which one of the following statements is CORRECT?

Match the cycles in Group I with the corresponding processes in Group II.

Group IGroup II
P. Hydrological cycle1. Regolith formation
Q. Biogeochemical cycle2. Ocean closure
R. Rock cycle3. Infiltration
S. Wilson cycle4. Denitrification
Pumping and extraction of groundwater from an unconfined aquifer resulted in a uniform drop of water table by 40 m over an area of 1 km². If the porosity of the aquifer is 35% and specific retention is 15%, the volume of water (in m³) pumped out from the affected area is __________ \times 10^6 m³. (In integer)
A Cu deposit of 198 tons with average grade of 1.5% Cu contains 60% chalcopyrite, 30% bornite and 10% gangue. The maximum amount of Cu that can be extracted from chalcopyrite is .......... tons. (Round off to two decimal places)
The orientations of two planar limbs of an overturned anticline are 045°/72°SE and 225°/37°SE. The interlimb angle of the fold in degrees is ........... (In integer)
A Rb–Sr isochron plot of cogenetic volcanic rocks yielded a slope of 0.003. The eruption age of these rocks is ............... Ma. (Round off to one decimal place)
The apparent dip amount of a limestone bed in the direction 010° is 30°. If the bed strikes 320°, the value of true dip amount in degrees is ............. (Round off to nearest integer)
The cation exchange equilibrium reaction between end-member components of orthopyroxene and ilmenite is given below: \[ \text{MgSiO}_3 + \text{FeTiO}_3 = \text{FeSiO}_3 + \text{MgTiO}_3 \] (Enstatite) (Fe-Ilmenite) (Ferrosilite) (Mg-Ilmenite)
Considering ideal mixing of Fe and Mg in orthopyroxene and ilmenite solid solutions, the mole fractions are \( X_{\text{Orthopyroxene}}^{\text{Mg}} = 0.60 \) and \( X_{\text{Ilmenite}}^{\text{Mg}} = 0.40 \). The equilibrium constant of the above reaction is ............. (Round off to two decimal places)
A kimberlite pipe has a bulk density of 2.5 g/cc and contains diamond of grade 100 carat/metric ton. If the pipe contains only 1-carat diamond crystals, then the number of diamond crystals per cubic meter in the pipe is .................. (In integer)
Consider the present volume of the Earth’s continental crust as \(7.5 \times 10^{18}\) m³. If continental crust formation started 3.0 Ga ago, then the average rate of continental crustal growth is ............. km³ yr⁻¹. (Round off to one decimal place)
The Throw of a fault is 4 m and the Heave is 3 m. The Dip separation of the fault, in meters, is ............... (In integer)
Moon is considered to have been formed due to high temperature condensation of post-collisional ejected material. Which of the following statement(s) related to its mantle composition as compared to CI carbonaceous chondrite is/are CORRECT?
Which of the following statement(s) related to ore-forming processes is/are CORRECT?
Which of the following landforms is/are weathering dominated?
The mineral formula of orthopyroxene calculated on 6 Oxygen atom basis is (Mg1.2Fe0.8)Si2O6. The weight percentage of MgO in the chemical composition of orthopyroxene is ............. (Round off to one decimal place)