Write the product when 
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Solution and Explanation
Step 1: See the starting group
Benzaldehyde has a $\mathrm{-CHO}$ group attached to the benzene ring.
Step 2: Reduce it completely
The Clemmensen reagent removes the oxygen from $\mathrm{-CHO}$ and adds hydrogens, turning it into $\mathrm{-CH_3}$. So the $\mathrm{-CHO}$ becomes a methyl group.
Step 3: Name the product
A benzene ring carrying a $\mathrm{-CH_3}$ group is toluene, $\mathrm{C_6H_5CH_3}$.
Answer: Toluene, $\mathrm{C_6H_5CH_3}$.
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Write IUPAC names of the following compounds and classify them into primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
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Give one chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.
(i) Methylamine and dimethylamine
(ii) Secondary and tertiary amines
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(v) Aniline and N-methylanilineAccount for the following:
(i) pKb of aniline is more than that of methylamine.
(ii) Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is not.
(iii) Methylamine in water reacts with ferric chloride to precipitate hydrated ferric oxide.
(iv) Although amino group is o– and p– directing in aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions, aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of m-nitroaniline.
(v) Aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction.
(vi) Diazonium salts of aromatic amines are more stable than those of aliphatic amines. (vii) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is preferred for synthesising primary amines.
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