Concept:
• An IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) address is a 32-bit numeric address written as four decimal numbers separated by dots (dotted-decimal notation).
• Each of the four numbers is called an "octet" because it represents 8 bits.
• An 8-bit binary number can represent values from \(00000000_2\) to \(11111111_2\).
Step 1: Determine the valid range for an octet
The minimum value is \(0\) and the maximum value is \(2^8 - 1 = 255\).
Therefore, any decimal number in a valid IPv4 address must be in the range \([0, 255]\).
Step 2: Examine each option against the range
• Option (A): 20, 110, 254, 160. All values are \(\le 255\). Valid.
• Option (B): 25, 256, 230, 10. The second octet is 256, which exceeds the maximum limit of 255. Invalid.
• Option (C): 230, 110, 230, 230. All values are \(\le 255\). Valid.
• Option (D): 10, 11, 234, 234. All values are \(\le 255\). Valid.
Step 3: Conclusion
Since an octet cannot exceed 255, the address in Option (B) is not a correct IP address.