Question:
Consider the following statements about flow and error control :
A. Go-Back-N retransmits only the frame that is lost
B. Selective Repeat improves the bandwidth utilization over Go-Back-N
C. Parity bits can detect all single-bit errors
D. Stop and wait protocol achieves high channel utilization on long-delay networks
E. Cyclic Redundancy check provides stronger error detection than single parity
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Consider the following statements about flow and error control :
A. Go-Back-N retransmits only the frame that is lost
B. Selective Repeat improves the bandwidth utilization over Go-Back-N
C. Parity bits can detect all single-bit errors
D. Stop and wait protocol achieves high channel utilization on long-delay networks
E. Cyclic Redundancy check provides stronger error detection than single parity
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
A. Go-Back-N retransmits only the frame that is lost
B. Selective Repeat improves the bandwidth utilization over Go-Back-N
C. Parity bits can detect all single-bit errors
D. Stop and wait protocol achieves high channel utilization on long-delay networks
E. Cyclic Redundancy check provides stronger error detection than single parity
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Show Hint
Go-Back-N = Retransmit $N$ frames. Selective Repeat = Retransmit only the 1 lost frame. CRC is the "gold standard" for error detection in networking.
Updated On: Aug 6, 2026
- A, B, E only
- A, C, D only
- B, C, D only
- B, C, E only
Show Solution
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Concept:
• Flow Control: Techniques like Stop-and-Wait, Go-Back-N, and Selective Repeat manage the rate of data transmission between two nodes.
• Error Control: Mechanisms like Parity bits and CRC detect and correct errors introduced during transmission.
Step 1: Evaluate Sliding Window protocols (A and B)
In Go-Back-N, when a frame is lost, the sender retransmits that frame and all subsequent frames in the current window. In Selective Repeat, only the specifically lost frame is retransmitted. Therefore, Selective Repeat is more efficient and uses bandwidth better. Statement A is Incorrect, and Statement B is Correct.
Step 2: Evaluate Stop-and-Wait utilization (D)
The utilization of Stop-and-Wait is \(U = 1 / (1 + 2a)\), where \(a\) is the ratio of propagation delay to transmission delay. On long-delay networks, \(a\) is very large, making \(U\) very small. Thus, it is inefficient. Statement D is Incorrect.
Step 3: Evaluate Error Detection techniques (C and E)
A single Parity bit can detect any odd number of bit errors, including all single-bit errors. CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) uses polynomial division to detect a wide variety of error patterns, including burst errors, making it much stronger than simple parity. Both Statements C and E are Correct.
Step 4: Conclusion
The correct statements are B, C, and E.
• Flow Control: Techniques like Stop-and-Wait, Go-Back-N, and Selective Repeat manage the rate of data transmission between two nodes.
• Error Control: Mechanisms like Parity bits and CRC detect and correct errors introduced during transmission.
Step 1: Evaluate Sliding Window protocols (A and B)
In Go-Back-N, when a frame is lost, the sender retransmits that frame and all subsequent frames in the current window. In Selective Repeat, only the specifically lost frame is retransmitted. Therefore, Selective Repeat is more efficient and uses bandwidth better. Statement A is Incorrect, and Statement B is Correct.
Step 2: Evaluate Stop-and-Wait utilization (D)
The utilization of Stop-and-Wait is \(U = 1 / (1 + 2a)\), where \(a\) is the ratio of propagation delay to transmission delay. On long-delay networks, \(a\) is very large, making \(U\) very small. Thus, it is inefficient. Statement D is Incorrect.
Step 3: Evaluate Error Detection techniques (C and E)
A single Parity bit can detect any odd number of bit errors, including all single-bit errors. CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) uses polynomial division to detect a wide variety of error patterns, including burst errors, making it much stronger than simple parity. Both Statements C and E are Correct.
Step 4: Conclusion
The correct statements are B, C, and E.
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