Concept:
Some biochemical techniques rely on antigen–antibody interactions, while others are based on physical properties of molecules.
• Immunological techniques: Use antibodies (e.g., ELISA, Western blotting).
• Physical separation techniques: Based on charge, size, etc.
Step 1: Analyzing each option.
• ELISA: Uses antibodies to detect antigens → Uses antibody.
• Western blotting: Uses antibodies for protein detection → Uses antibody.
• Isoelectric focusing: Separates proteins based on isoelectric point (pI) → Does not use antibody.
• Immuno-affinity chromatography: Uses antibodies for purification → Uses antibody.
Step 2: Selecting the correct answer.
Only isoelectric focusing does not involve antibodies.