Which isomer of \(C_4H_9Cl\) has the lowest boiling point?
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Solution and Explanation
The isomer of C4H9Cl with the lowest boiling point is tert-butyl chloride (C4H9Cl), also known as 2-chloro-2-methylpropane (CH3)3C-Cl.
This is because the high degree of branching in the tert-butyl chloride molecule reduces the surface area available for intermolecular interactions, such as Van der Waals forces. With fewer opportunities for these interactions, the molecule is easier to vaporize, leading to a lower boiling point compared to less branched isomers, such as n-butyl chloride or sec-butyl chloride.
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