Question

What is a Malware? What are the different types of Malware?

Hint:

While a firewall acts as a perimeter barrier blocking unauthorized network traffic, active and updated antivirus/anti-malware software is essential to detect, scan, and delete malicious files that have already entered the system.

Answer 1

Step 1: Definition of Malware:
Malware (short for malicious software) is a broad term used to describe any program, script, or code developed by threat actors to disrupt, damage, compromise, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems, networks, mobile devices, or databases.

Step 2: Detailing the Primary Types of Malware:
Malicious software is classified into distinct categories based on its behavior and delivery mechanisms:

• Viruses: Programs that attach themselves to legitimate executable files and replicate across the system only when the infected file is launched by a user.
• Worms: Standalone malicious programs that do not require host files. They exploit network security vulnerabilities to automatically self-replicate and spread across connected devices.
• Trojans: Programs disguised as legitimate utility tools or games. They deceive users into executing them, thereby opening hidden backdoors for attackers.
• Ransomware: Highly destructive malware that encrypts a victim's files or locks their operating system, demanding a financial payment (ransom) in exchange for the decryption key.
• Spyware and Keyloggers: Stealthy monitoring programs designed to record keystrokes, capture screenshots, and harvest sensitive credentials (passwords, bank details) without the user's knowledge.