Question

The process of copying the genetic information from one strand of DNA into RNA is termed as transcription. The principle of complementarity of bases governs the process of transcription, also except that uracil comes in place of thymine. Study the complete transcription unit given below and answer the following questions:

Identify (C) and (D) in the diagram, mention their significance in the process of transcription.

Hint:

RNA polymerase synthesizes the RNA strand using the template DNA strand, creating a complementary sequence that mirrors the coding strand (with uracil replacing thymine).

Answer 1

Identification of (C) and (D) in the Transcription Unit

(C) → Promoter 

(D) → Terminator

Significance in Transcription:

1. Promoter (C):

• A specific DNA sequence where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.
• Located upstream (toward the 5' end of the coding strand).
• Helps in determining the starting point and direction of transcription.

2. Terminator (D):

• A sequence that signals the end of transcription.
• RNA polymerase detaches from the DNA and releases the newly formed RNA molecule.
• Ensures that only the desired segment is transcribed.

Conclusion:

Both the promoter and terminator regions are essential for correct initiation and termination of gene transcription.