Question

Read the following text carefully:
The Union Budget 2025-26 proposed a significant package for rural India allocating ₹ 1.88 lakh crore to drive comprehensive development. The budget emphasises on boosting employment, women employment, education and infrastructure in rural areas, reflecting the government's commitment for a stronger, self-reliant rural economy. The extension of Jal-Jeevan Mission until 2028, with focus on achieving 100% rural water supply coverage and enhancing infrastructure maintenance. Broadband connectivity is set to expand under the Bharatnet project, providing internet access to all rural government secondary schools and primary health care centres.
Also, the budget highlights major rural schemes like the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana which has provided all-weather roads to rural areas. The Pradhan Mantri Grameen Awaas Yojana, which has delivered housing to economically weaker sections. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) continues to secure rural livelihoods with an allocation of ₹ 86,000 crore in FY 2024-25. On the basis of the above text and common understanding, answer the following questions:

• [(i)] Explain the significance of rural development.
• [(ii)] Discuss any two policies initiated by Government of India for rural development.

Hint:

Rural development → Growth + Employment + Infrastructure + Equity

Answer 1

(i) Significance of Rural Development
Concept:
Rural development refers to improving the economic and social conditions of people living in rural areas.
Step 1:Economic growth

• Enhances agricultural productivity
• Promotes non-farm activities and employment

Step 2:Poverty reduction

• Generates employment opportunities
• Improves income levels in rural areas

Step 3:Infrastructure development

• Better roads, water supply, and internet connectivity
• Improves access to markets and services

Step 4:Balanced regional development

• Reduces rural-urban disparities
• Prevents excessive migration to cities

Step 5:Improved standard of living

• Better education, health, and housing facilities

Conclusion: \[ \text{Rural development is essential for inclusive growth and overall economic progress} \] (ii) Government Policies for Rural Development
1. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS)

• Provides 100 days of guaranteed wage employment to rural households
• Ensures livelihood security
• Reduces unemployment and poverty

2. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)

• Provides all-weather road connectivity to rural areas
• Improves access to markets, schools, and hospitals
• Promotes economic development

(Other examples could include: Jal Jeevan Mission, PMAY-Gramin, BharatNet) Conclusion: \[ \text{Government policies aim to improve infrastructure, employment and living standards in rural areas} \]