List of practice Questions

State the principle of mass spectrometry. Describe the procedure of Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation (MALDI), explaining the significance of the matrix in this technique.
Why do cereals and legumes have limited nutritional quality? Describe two genetic engineering approaches used to improve protein quality in seeds.
What does the term 'fed' in fed-batch culture refer to?
What does the term 'fed' in fed-batch culture refer to?
Write the significance of using a turbidostat and a chemostat in continuous culture system.
Draw labelled graphical representations of Batch and continuous culture systems.
Describe the Blue-White selection method of screening for the presence of recombinant plasmids.
How can you differentiate between cancerous and non-cancerous cells in culture by microscopic examination? Give one example of each of such cell types.
Name the genes which fuse during translocation in Philadelphia chromosome.
During FISH technique, is any fluorescence detected in the der 9 chromosome? Why?
Briefly describe Nick Translation technique.
How is CML detected by FISH techniques?
Enlist any two limitations of batch culture.
Even if we know where the genes are present in a genome, it is not entirely clear how to count them. Give two reasons for this problem.
Briefly explain the process of sickling of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) during sickle cell anaemia. Why does sickle celled RBCs lead to anaemic conditions in patients?
How does the metagenomics approach helps to identify novel genes present in an environment? Explain the process.
What is the use of introducing the property of delayed fruit ripening in some plants? Explain the methods used for delaying fruit ripening.
Mention the catalytic triad (along with diagram) which contributes to the enzymatic activity of native subtilisin. Why was this enzyme improved by protein engineering? Write the method used in this process.
Since many centuries, whey has been used for the treatment of numerous ailments. Briefly elaborate upon the scientific relevance of it.
Selection methods are based on the expression or non-expression of certain traits in recombinant microbial cells. Enlist such any three traits.
Explain briefly the procedures of the following techniques used in recombinant DNA Technology:
(i) Transfection
(ii) Electroporation
(iii) Biolistics
On which plasmid are Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) vectors based? Enlist the important sequences present in these vectors.
Given below is a single stranded sequence of DNA:
5' ACTAGAATTCGCCA 3'
Which restriction enzyme would cleave this sequence in double stranded form? Illustrate the fragments that will be generated upon digestion by this restriction enzyme.
Although not required for cell growth, antibiotics are one of the most essential components of animal cell culture medium. Why? Give examples of two such antibiotics often used in animal cell culture medium.
What is meant by 'Gene knock out'? How is it useful in developing mouse models for studying human diseases?