On the given political outline map of India, locate and label the following with appropriate symbols:
(i) Kalibangan – A mature Harappan site
(ii) Ajanta – An ancient Buddhist site
(iii)
• (a) Panipat − A territory under the Mughals
• (b) Golconda – A medieval period state
On the same political outline map of India, two places have been marked as ‘A’ and ‘B’, as the centres of the Indian tiol Movement. Identify them and write their correct mes on the lines drawn near them.
Show Hint
To avoid confusion in board exams: Point A is always at the edge of the Punjab-Pakistan border (Amritsar), while Point B sits right at the northwest corner of Bihar next to Nepal (Champaran).
34.1) Location and Labeling on the Political Map of India:
The following is an exceptiolly detailed, component-by-component spatial guide to locate and label the requested historical sites precisely on the political outline map of India:
• Kalibangan (A Mature Harappan Site): • Geographical Location: Situated in the Hanumangarh district of northern Rajasthan, India.
• Precise Map Placement Coordites: On the outline map of India, locate the northernmost triangular projection of Rajasthan that borders Harya and Punjab. Kalibangan is positioned on the dried-up bed of the Ghaggar river, approximately $20\text{ km}$ west of Hanumangarh. Mark this with a solid dot and label it clearly as Kalibangan.
• Historical Signpost: It is famous for yielding the earliest recorded agricultural field (plowed field) in the world, fire altars, and distinctive terracotta bangles.
• Ajanta (An Ancient Buddhist Site): • Geographical Location: Located in the Aurangabad (Chhatrapati Sambhajigar) district of northern Maharashtra, India.
• Precise Map Placement Coordites: Locate the northern region of Maharashtra, just south of the Satpura range and the Tapi river valley. On the political map, it is positioned in the upper-middle section of Maharashtra, nestled in a horseshoe-shaped ravine. Mark this with a solid triangle and label it as Ajanta.
• Historical Signpost: Famous for its thirty rock-cut Buddhist cave monuments decorated with exquisite murals and frescoes depicting Jataka tales, dating from the $2^{\text{nd}}$ century BCE to $480 \text{ CE}$.
• (a) Panipat (A Territory under the Mughals) [OR choice]: • Geographical Location: Situated in the state of Harya, India.
• Precise Map Placement Coordites: Locate the small Union Territory of Delhi in northern India. Panipat is positioned exactly $90\text{ km}$ directly north of Delhi along the western bank of the Yamu River. Place a distinct marker dot in south-eastern Harya, just above Delhi, and label it as Panipat.
• Historical Signpost: It was the legendary battleground of the three historic Battles of Panipat ($1526$, $1556$, and $1761$) that consolidated and reshaped Mughal rule in the subcontinent.
• (b) Golconda (A Medieval Period State) [OR choice]: • Geographical Location: Located in the western part of Hyderabad, Telanga, India.
• Precise Map Placement Coordites: Look at the central Deccan Plateau. Locate the capital city of Telanga (Hyderabad) in the central-western part of the state, south of the Godavari river. Place a marker dot here and label it as Golconda.
• Historical Signpost: It was the principal capital of the Qutb Shahi dysty and a globally renowned medieval trade hub for diamonds (including the legendary Koh-i-Noor diamond).
34.2) Identification of Centers of the Indian tiol Movement ('A' and 'B'):
Two critical hubs of the Indian tiol Movement have been pre-marked with letters on the outline map. They are identified as follows:
• Point 'A': Amritsar (Punjab) • Identification Logic: Point 'A' is situated in the north-western state of Punjab, positioned directly on the intertiol border with Pakistan (directly opposite the city of Lahore).
• Historical Significance: This is Amritsar, the historic center of the anti-Rowlatt Act agitation and the tragic site of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre on $13 \text{ April } 1919$, which served as a major turning point in the Indian freedom struggle.
• Point 'B': Champaran (Bihar) • Identification Logic: Point 'B' is situated in the extreme north-western corner of the state of Bihar, bordering the intertiol boundary with Nepal.
• Historical Significance: This is Champaran, the birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi’s first active satyagraha in India ($1917$). Here, Gandhi successfully led peasant protests against oppressive British indigo planters who forced cultivators to follow the exploitative Tinkathia system.
