On the basis of the given data, comment on trends of output growth in different sectors (1980 – 2018), between India and Pakistan.
Country 1980 – 90 2014 – 18 Agriculture Industry Services Agriculture Industry Services India 3.1 7.4 6.9 3.1 6.9 7.6 Pakistan 4 7.7 6.8 1.7 4.8 5.0
On the basis of the given data, comment on trends of output growth in different sectors (1980 – 2018), between India and Pakistan.
| Country | 1980 – 90 | 2014 – 18 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture | Industry | Services | Agriculture | Industry | Services | |
| India | 3.1 | 7.4 | 6.9 | 3.1 | 6.9 | 7.6 |
| Pakistan | 4 | 7.7 | 6.8 | 1.7 | 4.8 | 5.0 |
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Solution and Explanation
The table gives the yearly growth rate of output (in per cent) for agriculture, industry and services.
It gives these rates for two periods, 1980-90 and 2014-18, for India and Pakistan.
A trend means how the growth rate moved from the first period to the later one.
So we find the change for each sector as: growth in 2014-18 minus growth in 1980-90.
Step 2: Work out the change in every sector:
Change is measured in percentage points. A minus sign means the growth slowed down.
| Sector | India: 1980-90 | India: 2014-18 | India: change | Pakistan: 1980-90 | Pakistan: 2014-18 | Pakistan: change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture | 3.1 | 3.1 | 0.0 | 4.0 | 1.7 | -2.3 |
| Industry | 7.4 | 6.9 | -0.5 | 7.7 | 4.8 | -2.9 |
| Services | 6.9 | 7.6 | +0.7 | 6.8 | 5.0 | -1.8 |
Step 3: Comment on agriculture:
India kept its agricultural growth steady at 3.1 per cent in both periods, so the change is zero.
Pakistan started higher at 4 per cent but fell sharply to 1.7 per cent, a drop of 2.3 points.
In 1980-90 Pakistan led in agriculture. By 2014-18 India grew almost twice as fast as Pakistan.
Step 4: Comment on industry:
Both countries saw a slowdown in industrial growth.
India fell only a little, from 7.4 to 6.9 per cent (a drop of 0.5 point).
Pakistan fell much more, from 7.7 to 4.8 per cent (a drop of 2.9 points).
Pakistan was slightly ahead in 1980-90, but India was clearly ahead in 2014-18.
Step 5: Comment on services:
India improved, with growth rising from 6.9 to 7.6 per cent, a gain of 0.7 point.
Pakistan slowed down, from 6.8 to 5.0 per cent, a fall of 1.8 points.
The two countries were almost equal in 1980-90. India pulled well ahead by 2014-18.
Step 6: Draw the overall conclusion:
India grew steadily in agriculture, slowed only slightly in industry and gained in services.
So Indian growth in this period was mainly pushed by the service sector.
Pakistan lost speed in all three sectors, and the fall was largest in industry.
Final Answer:
India showed stable agriculture, a marginal fall in industry and a rise in services, so its growth was led by services. Pakistan slowed down in agriculture (4 to 1.7), industry (7.7 to 4.8) and services (6.8 to 5.0).
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