Question

Match List - I with List - II. List - I (Scholars)
• [A.] Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
• [B.] Georges Cuvier
• [C.] Thomas Malthus
• [D.] Charles Lyell List - II (Concept)
• [I.] Catastrophism
• [II.] Uniformitarianism
• [III.] Inheritance of acquired character
• [IV.] Principle of Population
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

• A. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
• B. A-II, B-I, C-I, D-IV
• C. A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
• D. A-IV, B-IV, C-II, D-I

Hint:

Lamarck proposed inheritance of acquired characters, Cuvier developed catastrophism, Malthus formulated population theory, and Lyell advocated uniformitarianism.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Concept: Several important scholars contributed foundational ideas to evolutionary theory, geology, and population studies. Their theories influenced:
• Biological evolution,
• Geological interpretation,
• Population dynamics,
• Anthropological thought.

Step 1: Matching Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. Lamarck proposed: \[ Inheritance of acquired characters \] According to Lamarck:
• Organisms acquire traits during life,
• Acquired traits are inherited,
• Use and disuse influence evolution. Thus: \[ A \rightarrow III \]

Step 2: Matching Georges Cuvier. Georges Cuvier proposed: \[ Catastrophism \] This theory suggested:
• Earth experienced sudden catastrophes,
• Mass extinctions occurred,
• Geological history involved abrupt changes. Hence: \[ B \rightarrow I \]

Step 3: Matching Thomas Malthus. Thomas Malthus is associated with: \[ Principle of Population \] He argued:
• Population grows faster than resources,
• Competition for survival emerges,
• Resource limitation affects societies. Therefore: \[ C \rightarrow IV \]

Step 4: Matching Charles Lyell. Charles Lyell proposed: \[ Uniformitarianism \] This principle states:
• Geological processes operate gradually,
• Present processes explain past events,
• Earth changes continuously over long periods. Thus: \[ D \rightarrow II \]

Step 5: Writing the final matching sequence. The correct matching becomes: \[ A \rightarrow III \] \[ B \rightarrow I \] \[ C \rightarrow IV \] \[ D \rightarrow II \] Hence, the correct answer is: \[ \boxed{\text{(A) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II}} \]