Question

Match List-I with List-II

List-I (Infant Emotions) & List-II (Developmental stage)
(A) Distress & (I) 3-4 Months
(B) Fear & (II) 4-6 Weeks
(C) Anger & (III) Present at birth
(D) Social smile & (IV) 5-7 Months

• (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)
• (A) - (IV), (B) - (III), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)
• (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II)
• (A) - (I), (B) - (IV), (C) - (II), (D) - (III)

Hint:

To solve emotional development questions quickly, remember that basic survival responses (like distress) are present at birth.
Social responses (like social smiles) develop in the first few weeks, while more complex cognitive emotions (like fear or stranger anxiety) emerge later in the first year.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This matching task focuses on the developmental timeline of emotional expression in infancy, based on studies by Izard and colleagues.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us look at when each of these basic infant emotions typically emerges:
(A) Distress:
Distress is a basic, physiological survival response to discomfort, pain, or hunger.
It is present at birth, typically expressed through crying.
Hence, (A) matches with (III) Present at birth.
(B) Fear:
Fear, including stranger anxiety or wariness of novel stimuli, develops later in infancy as cognitive and memory capacities mature.
It typically begins to emerge around 5--7 months of age.
Hence, (B) matches with (IV) 5-7 Months.
(C) Anger:
Anger begins to emerge around 3--4 months of age as infants develop a clearer sense of goal-directed actions.
They express anger when their goals are blocked or when they experience frustration.
Hence, (C) matches with (I) 3-4 Months.
(D) Social smile:
A true social smile, which occurs in response to human faces and social interaction rather than physiological states, typically emerges between 4 to 6 weeks of age.
Hence, (D) matches with (II) 4-6 Weeks.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Matching the emotions with their developmental stages gives:
(A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II).
This corresponds to Option (A).