Question

(i) State the meaning of Special Economic Zone (SEZ).
(ii) Discuss the 'One Child Policy' adopted by China.

Hint:

SEZ → growth & exports
One Child Policy → population control with side effects

Answer 1

(i) Meaning of Special Economic Zone (SEZ)
Concept: SEZ
A Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is a designated area within a country where business and trade laws differ from the rest of the country. Definition: \[ \text{SEZ is a region with liberal economic policies to promote investment, production and exports} \] Features:

• Tax concessions and incentives
• Simplified regulations
• Promotion of foreign investment
• Better infrastructure facilities

Purpose:

• Increase exports
• Generate employment
• Boost industrial growth

(ii) One Child Policy of China
Concept: Population Control Policy
The One Child Policy was introduced in China in 1979 to control the rapid growth of population. Objectives:

• Reduce population growth rate
• Improve living standards
• Reduce pressure on resources

Key Features:

• Families were allowed to have only one child
• Incentives were given for single-child families
• Penalties were imposed for violation

Impacts:

• Decline in population growth rate
• Improved per capita income
• Rise in ageing population
• Gender imbalance due to preference for male child

Conclusion: \[ \text{The policy controlled population but led to social challenges} \]