Question

Explain any two reasons to impose emergency in 1975.

Hint:

Two main reasons are the Allahabad High Court verdict against Indira Gandhi and the growing opposition movement led by Jayaprakash Narayan. The government declared an internal emergency under Article 352 on 25 June 1975.

Answer 1

Step 1: Background:
The Emergency was proclaimed on 25 June 1975 under Article 352 of the Constitution on the ground of internal disturbance.
The government gave this reason, but there were two chief events behind the decision.

Step 2: Reason 1 - Allahabad High Court verdict:
On 12 June 1975 Justice Jagmohanlal Sinha of the Allahabad High Court found Indira Gandhi guilty of using unfair means in her 1971 Lok Sabha election from Rae Bareli.
Her election was declared invalid and she was barred from contesting for six years.
The Supreme Court allowed her to continue only with a partial stay. The opposition then demanded her resignation.

Step 3: Reason 2 - Mass agitation led by Jayaprakash Narayan:
Movements in Gujarat and Bihar in 1974 against rising prices, unemployment and corruption spread across the country.
Jayaprakash Narayan gave the call for Total Revolution and held a big rally at the Ramlila Maidan, Delhi, on 25 June 1975.
He asked the army and police not to obey illegal orders. The government saw this as a threat to law and order.

Final Answer:
The Emergency of 1975 was imposed mainly because of the Allahabad High Court judgment against Indira Gandhi and the countrywide agitation led by Jayaprakash Narayan.