Question

Define: (i) True North, (ii) True Bearing.

Hint:

True North is geographical, Magnetic North is compass-based, and Grid North is map-grid based. A bearing is always measured clockwise from the chosen reference north.

Answer 1

Step 1: Defining (i) True North (TN):
True North is the geographical direction pointing directly toward the Earth's geographic North Pole (the northern terminal of the Earth's rotational axis).
• Key Characteristics: It is constant and never changes. On a global map, all lines of longitude (meridians) converge at the True North pole. It is represented by a star symbol in standard map reading.

Step 2: Defining (ii) True Bearing:
A bearing is the horizontal angle measured between a reference north line and a line pointing to an object/target.
• Definition: True Bearing is the angle measured in a clockwise direction between the True North line and the line pointing toward the destination or target. It is always measured from $0^{\circ}$ to $360^{\circ}$ using a protractor.