Question

Arrange the following in the correct sequence of approaches to understand women's participation in development -
(A) Gender Mainstreaming
(B) Women and Development
(C) Welfare
(D) Women in Development
(E) Gender and Development
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

• A. (A), (B), (C), (D), (E)
• B. (B), (A), (D), (C), (E)
• C. (C), (D), (B), (E), (A)
• D. (D), (C), (A), (B), (E)

Hint:

To remember this sequence easily, trace the shifting focus of development paradigms:
Passive support (Welfare) $\rightarrow$ Active economic integration (WID) $\rightarrow$ Structural economic critique (WAD) $\rightarrow$ Power dynamics (GAD) $\rightarrow$ Systemic integration (Mainstreaming).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question focuses on the historical evolution of development theories and paradigms concerning women's participation, economic contribution, and empowerment.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us examine the historical timeline of these development approaches:
1. (C) Welfare Approach (1950s -- 1970s):
This early model viewed women as passive beneficiaries of development.
It focused primarily on support services like maternal and child health, nutrition, and emergency aid, without addressing underlying inequalities.
2. (D) Women in Development (WID) (Early 1970s):
This approach emerged to actively integrate women into existing economic development processes.
It advocated for legal and administrative changes to improve women's access to education, employment, and property.
3. (B) Women and Development (WAD) (Late 1970s):
Drawing on dependency theory, this model argued that women have always been part of development, but that global economic structures exploit their labor.
It focused on developing women-only projects to build economic independence.
4. (E) Gender and Development (GAD) (1980s):
This approach marked a shift from looking at women in isolation to analyzing "gender relations" and power structures.
It aimed to challenge and redefine unequal power dynamics between men and women.
5. (A) Gender Mainstreaming (1990s):
Adopted globally at the 1995 Beijing World Conference on Women, this strategy integrates a gender perspective into all phases of policy planning, implementation, and evaluation.

Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct historical sequence is (C), (D), (B), (E), (A).
This matches Option (C).