Question:
A stem which shows irregular involutions and swellings is _________ stem.
A stem which shows irregular involutions and swellings is _________ stem.
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Fluted stems present challenges for diameter tape measurements, often requiring the use of a caliper at multiple orientation angles to calculate a representative average diameter.
Updated On: Jul 21, 2026
- Fluting
- Buttressing
- Forking
- Taper
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Abnormalities in tree stem growth affect wood quality, volume calculation, and conversion efficiency.
Foresters classify these morphological variations to determine wood utilization potential and timber grade.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze the terms provided in the options:
1. Fluting: This refers to a growth variation where the tree stem develops irregular, longitudinal ridges (swellings) and deep grooves (involutions) instead of maintaining a circular cross-section. This is highly common in species like Teak (*Tectona grandis*) and Semul (*Bombax ceiba*). Fluted stems complicate breast-height diameter measurements and lead to high wood wastage during sawing and peeling.
2. Buttressing: This is the development of wide, rib-like outgrowths at the base of the stem to distribute the mechanical load, common in tropical rainforest trees with shallow root systems.
3. Forking: This is the division of the main stem into two or more distinct leading branches.
4. Taper: This is the natural, progressive decrease in the diameter of a tree trunk from the base upward.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The stem exhibiting irregular involutions and swellings is called a fluted stem, corresponding to option (A).
Abnormalities in tree stem growth affect wood quality, volume calculation, and conversion efficiency.
Foresters classify these morphological variations to determine wood utilization potential and timber grade.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze the terms provided in the options:
1. Fluting: This refers to a growth variation where the tree stem develops irregular, longitudinal ridges (swellings) and deep grooves (involutions) instead of maintaining a circular cross-section. This is highly common in species like Teak (*Tectona grandis*) and Semul (*Bombax ceiba*). Fluted stems complicate breast-height diameter measurements and lead to high wood wastage during sawing and peeling.
2. Buttressing: This is the development of wide, rib-like outgrowths at the base of the stem to distribute the mechanical load, common in tropical rainforest trees with shallow root systems.
3. Forking: This is the division of the main stem into two or more distinct leading branches.
4. Taper: This is the natural, progressive decrease in the diameter of a tree trunk from the base upward.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The stem exhibiting irregular involutions and swellings is called a fluted stem, corresponding to option (A).
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