List of top Microbiology Questions

Arrange the steps of life cycle of phage T4 in correct sequence. A. Lysis of the host cell
B. Injection of phage DNA
C. Synthesis and assembly of phage components
D. Adsorption of the phage
E. Degradation of host DNA
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Arrange the following steps of root nodule formation in correct order :
A. Formation of bacteroids and differentiation into nitrogen fixing symbiosomes
B. Attachment of bacterial cells to root hairs
C. Plant root hair with attached Rhizobium undergoes curling
D. Bacterial penetration into root hair cell and cell to cell spread of rhizobia
E. Plant root releases flavonoids
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Arrange the steps of agarose gel electrophoresis in correct order :
A. Preparation of agarose gel
B. Visualization under UV light
C. Loading of DNA samples
D. Migration of DNA fragments
E. Application of electric current
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Which of the following is not a feature of B-DNA ? A. Right handed double helix
B. 12 base pairs per turn of helix
C. Wide major grooves and narrow minor grooves
D. Anti glycosyl bond conformation at C and syn at G
E. Pitch per turn of helix \(33.2 \AA\)
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Arrange the following centrifugal speeds in an order to be used when a cell homogenate is to be separated into various fractions. A. \(1000\, g\)
B. \(80{,}000\, g\)
C. \(1{,}50{,}000\, g\)
D. \(20{,}000\, g\)
E. \(60{,}000\, g\)
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Arrange the following steps in lac operon induction in correct order :
A. Formation of mRNA
B. Binding of lactose to repressor
C. RNA polymerase binds to promoter
D. Transcription of structural genes
E. Removal of repressor from operator
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Arrange the steps of endospore formation in correct order :
A. Cortex and spore coat formation
B. Maturation and release of endospore
C. DNA replication and axial filament formation
D. Engulfment of forespore
E. Asymmetric septum formation
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Arrange the following steps of crossing over in correct order :
A. Pachytene stage
B. Synapsis of homologous chromosomes
C. Separation of homologous chromosomes
D. Breakage and reunion of chromatids
E. Formation of chiasmata
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Arrange the following steps of site-directed mutagenesis in correct order :
A. Transformation of ds DNA into cells
B. Denaturation and annealing of oligonucleotide primers with mutation
C. Repair of nicks in mutated plasmid inside cells
D. Extension and incorporation of primers by using DNA polymerase
E. Digestion of unmutated parental DNA template with methylation specific nuclease and annealing of newly synthesized strands
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Arrange the steps in antigen processing by endocytic pathway in correct order :
A. Recognition by CD4\(^+\) T cells
B. Antigen uptake by APC
C. Transport of MHC-peptide complex to cell surface
D. Peptide loading onto MHC class II molecule
E. Fusion of phagosome with lysosome
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Arrange the steps in southern blotting in correct order :
A. Transfer of DNA to nitrocellulose membrane
B. Detection of hybridized probe
C. Restriction digestion of DNA
D. Hybridization with labelled probe
E. Gel electrophoresis
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements :
one is labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R).
Assertion (A) :
The closer two loci reside along the axis of the chromosome, the more likely they are to be inherited together.
Reason (R) :
The farther apart two linked loci, the more likely a random crossover event will occur in between them.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements :
one is labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R).
Assertion (A) :
E.coli is widely used as a host in RDT.
Reason (R) :
E.coli grows rapidly and its genetics are well understoo
D.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements :
one is labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R).
Assertion (A) :
Ruminants are able to digest complex plant material.
Reason (R) :
The Rumen community contains a community of microorganisms producing a variety of enzymes that can degrade plant polymers.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements :
one is labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R).
Assertion (A) :
Biodiversity is normally greater in the lower latitudes as compared to the higher latitudes.
Reason (R) :
Along the mountain gradients, biodiversity is normally greater in the lower altitudes as compared to the higher altitudes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements :
one is labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R).
Assertion (A) :
IgG is the first immunoglobulin produced during a primary immune response.
Reason (R) :
IgM has a pentameric structure that allows efficient activation of the complement system.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements :
one is labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R).
Assertion (A) :
UV spectrophotometry is commonly used to estimate nucleic acids.
Reason (R) :
Nucleic acids absorb UV light maximally at 280 nm.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements :
one is labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R).
Assertion (A) :
Electrophoretic procedures are generally not used to purify proteins.
Reason (R) :
Electrophoresis is an analytical metho
D.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements :
one is labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R).
Assertion (A) :
A cDNA library contains only expressed genes.
Reason (R) :
A cDNA library is made from the mRNA molecules of a cell population.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

RNAi mediated RNA interference mediates which of the following?

First scientist to describe phagocytosis by white blood cells was:

Given below are two statements :
one is labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R).
Assertion (A) :
Some microorganisms can use nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions.
Reason (R) :
Nitrate can be fully reduced to ammonia in the process of denitrification.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

A cross between a donor cell from an Hfr strain and a recipient cell from an \(F^{-}\) strain results in recipient which is:

Transport of molecules smaller than about 600 daltons across the outer membrane of bacteria is facilitated by trimeric integral membrane proteins called:

Horizontal gene transfer in microbes enhances: