Which type of isomerism is exhibited by the following complex ?
\[
[Pt(NH_3)_2Cl_2]
\]
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Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Identifying the complex. The given complex is \[ [Pt(NH_3)_2Cl_2] \] where
• Central metal ion = Pt
• Two ammonia ligands \((NH_3)\)
• Two chloride ligands \((Cl^-)\)
Platinum(II) complexes generally possess a square planar geometry.
Step 2: Understanding possible ligand arrangements. In a square planar complex containing two identical pairs of ligands, two different spatial arrangements are possible.
Cis form: The two chloride ligands occupy adjacent positions. \[ \boxed{\text{cis-}[Pt(NH_3)_2Cl_2]} \]
Trans form: The two chloride ligands occupy opposite positions. \[ \boxed{\text{trans-}[Pt(NH_3)_2Cl_2]} \] Since these two arrangements have different spatial orientations but the same molecular formula, they are geometrical isomers.
Step 3: Nature of isomerism exhibited. The complex differs only in the relative positions of the ligands around the central metal atom. Therefore, the isomerism shown is geometrical isomerism. Specifically, it is known as \[ \boxed{\text{cis-trans isomerism}} \]
Step 4: Importance of this complex. The complex \[ cis-[Pt(NH_3)_2Cl_2] \] is commonly known as
cisplatin, an important anticancer drug. The trans isomer does not exhibit the same therapeutic activity. Thus, this complex is a famous example of geometrical isomerism in coordination chemistry.
Final Answer: \[ \boxed{\text{Geometrical Isomerism}} \] or \[ \boxed{\text{cis-trans Isomerism}} \]
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