Question

Which enzyme found in raw milk is known for its antibacterial properties and ability to disrupt bacterial cell walls?

• A. Lactoferrin
• B. Lactase
• C. Lysozyme
• D. Catalase

Hint:

Remember the classic mechanism: Lysozyme acts as an enzymatic "scissors" that specifically cuts the peptidoglycan cell wall of bacteria, leading to cell lysis.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Raw milk contains several natural, non-immunological antimicrobial proteins and enzymes that protect the mammary gland and newborn offspring from bacterial infections.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
- Lysozyme: An antimicrobial enzyme that targets and hydrolyzes the \(\beta(1\rightarrow4)\) glycosidic bonds between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine in the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. This causes osmotic lysis and cell death, especially in Gram-positive bacteria.
- Lactoferrin: An iron-binding glycoprotein that inhibits bacterial growth by sequestering free iron, but it is not an enzyme.
- Lactase: An enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into glucose and galactose, with no direct antimicrobial properties.
- Catalase: An enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, but it does not target bacterial cell walls.

Step 3: Final Answer
The enzyme known for disrupting bacterial cell walls is lysozyme.