Step 1: Concept
Edward Thorndike formulated several laws to explain the process of learning. These laws are fundamental in understanding how animals and humans learn through trial and error.
Step 2: Meaning
Law of Readiness: A person is more likely to act when they are ready or prepared to do so.
Law of Exercise: The more a response is practiced, the stronger it becomes.
Law of Effect: If an action leads to a satisfying consequence, the likelihood of that action being repeated increases.
Step 3: Analysis
Let's examine each option in light of Thorndike's Laws:
A) B, C and D only - This includes "Law of Closure" which is not one of Thorndike's laws.
B) A, C and D only - This correctly lists the "Law of Readiness," "Law of Exercise," and "Law of Effect."
C) C, D and E only - While this option includes two correct laws, it incorrectly adds "Figure-ground relationship" which is not one of Thorndike's laws.
D) D, E and A only - This option correctly lists the three laws but incorrectly includes "Figure-ground relationship."
Step 4: Conclusion
The correct answer must include all three of Thorndike's Laws: Law of Readiness (A), Law of Exercise (C), and Law of Effect (D).
Final Answer: (B)