- The debt-equity ratio is calculated as:
\[
\text{Debt-Equity Ratio} = \frac{\text{Total Debt}}{\text{Total Equity}}.
\]
- Issuing debentures increases debt without affecting equity, resulting in an increase in the debt-equity ratio.
- Other transactions like issuing equity shares or receiving cash from debtors affect equity or current assets, not the debt-equity ratio.