Question

Student to attempt either option (A) or (B):
(A) Write two features of an ideal contraceptive. Explain any one natural contraceptive method that makes the chances of conception almost nil.
(B) Explain GIFT and ICSI.

Hint:

Periodic abstinence is a reliable natural method if practiced accurately. Assisted techniques like GIFT and ICSI are helpful for infertility management.

Answer 1

(A) Step 1: Two features of an ideal contraceptive:

• It should be user-friendly, easily available, and reversible.
• It should be effective with minimal side effects.

Step 2: Natural contraceptive method — Periodic Abstinence:

• In this method, the couple avoids coitus during the fertile period of the menstrual cycle (days 10-17).
• Since ovulation occurs around the middle of the cycle, avoiding intercourse during this period reduces chances of fertilization.
• This method is safe and has no side effects, and if properly followed, chances of conception are almost nil.

(B) Step 1: GIFT (Gamete Intra-Fallopian Transfer)

• It is an assisted reproductive technique where ovum and sperms are collected from donors and placed together into the fallopian tube of a woman.
• It is used in cases where the fallopian tube is functional and natural fertilization is preferred inside the body.

Step 2: ICSI (Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection)

• In this method, a sperm is directly injected into the cytoplasm of an ovum in laboratory conditions.
• It is used in cases of male infertility where the sperm count is very low or motility is poor.