What is spermatogenesis? Briefly describe the process of spermatogenesis.
Solution and Explanation
Spermatogenesis is the process of the production of sperms from the immature germ cells in males. It takes place in seminiferous tubules present inside the testes. During spermatogenesis, a diploid spermatogonium (male germ cell) increases its size to form a diploid primary spermatocyte. This diploid primary spermatocyte undergoes first meiotic division (meiosis I), which is a reductional division to form two equal haploid secondary spermatocytes. Each secondary spermatocyte then undergoes second meiotic division (meiosis II) to form two equal haploid spermatids. Hence, a diploid spermatogonium produces four haploid spermatids. These spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa (sperm) by the process called spermiogenesis.
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Given below is the diagram of a human sperm. Read the information below the diagram and fill in the blanks:
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The two structures shown below are formed in the process of spermatogenesis. Study them carefully and answer the questions that follow.
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Concepts Used:
Gametogenesis
The gametogenesis process includes the formation of reproductive cells or sex cells in living organisms. In plants, it is carried throughout mitosis whereas, in animals, it is carried through meiosis. The formation of male and female gametes are the two basic steps that take place during the gametogenesis process.
Based on the living organism, the process of gametogenesis occurs in:-
Plants: It occurs by the meiotic division of diploid gametocytes. In higher plants, it happens along with sporogenesis.
Animals: It occurs by meiosis where gametes are formed from their diploid mother cells exist in organs called gonads.
Stages of Gametogenesis
The gametogenesis process occurs in three steps. They are as follows;
- Mitotic divisions together with cell growth of precursor germ cells.
- The happening of Meiosis I and Meiosis II for producing haploid daughter cells.
- Metamorphose haploid daughter cells for the production of functional gametes.