Question

Read the given source carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Harappan Settlements

So far, more than 2000 Harappan archaeological sites have been discovered in the Indian sub-continent. Most of the sites are found located between the Indus and the Saraswati River basins. Nearly two-thirds of these settlements are in the Saraswati basin, suggesting its immense importance for the Harappan Civilisation. Among these, five major cities have been identified. These are Rakhigarhi, Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Dholavira and Ganweriwala. The remaining sites come under different categories such as Regional Centres, agricultural villages, ports and manufacturing centres.

Examine the role of rivers in sustaining the Harappan settlements.

Hint:

The role of rivers in early civilizations cannot be overstated—they were essential for both sustenance and trade, which helped maintain and expand settlements like those of the Harappans.

Answer 1

Rivers played a critical role in sustaining the Harappan settlements by providing water for agriculture, drinking, and sanitation. The Saraswati and Indus rivers were vital for irrigation, allowing the Harappans to cultivate a wide variety of crops. The rivers also facilitated trade and transportation, allowing goods to be transported over long distances. Additionally, the presence of rivers helped in maintaining ecological balance by supporting a diverse range of plants and animals, which in turn helped sustain the Harappan economy and society.