Efficiency is the optimal resource utilization because: 1. Key Aspects: - Output/Input ratio - Time management - Cost minimization 2. Examples: - Assembly line productivity - Lean manufacturing - Six Sigma processes 3. Vs Effectiveness: - Efficiency: "Doing things right" - Effectiveness: "Doing the right things" Business Impact: - 1% efficiency gain can boost profits 10-15% in manufacturing Final Answer: (A) Efficiency