Step 1: Concept
Non-financial incentives in the Directing function.
Step 2: Meaning
Non-financial incentives focus heavily on fulfilling the psychological, social, and emotional needs of an employee rather than providing monetary benefits.
Step 3: Analysis
• Employee participation (a) involves taking employees into confidence and making them a part of the decision-making process (iv).
• Organisational climate (b) refers to the distinct cultural characteristics and environment that describe an organization (i).
• Employee empowerment (c) is the explicit process of delegating more autonomy and decision-making power to subordinates (iii).
• Status (d) refers to the organizational ranking, prestige, and level of authority associated with a particular job position (ii).
Step 4: Conclusion
Matching these exact definitions yields the correct sequence: a-iv, b-i, c-iii, d-ii.
Final Answer: (C)