"Market gardening is labour- and capital-intensive." Support the statement with examples.
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Solution and Explanation
Specialized commercial agriculture intended for urban markets.
Step 2: Meaning
Market gardening involves the specialized cultivation of high-value crops like vegetables, fruits, and flowers, requiring massive inputs to maximize yield on small plots of land.
Step 3: Analysis
• Labour-Intensive: Growing delicate crops requires constant manual care. Tasks such as planting, weeding, pruning, harvesting, and carefully packing fruits and flowers require heavy human labour rather than bulk machinery.
• Capital-Intensive: Farms are usually small but located near expensive urban areas. Farmers must invest heavily in high-quality seeds, fertilizers, insecticides, greenhouses, artificial heating/cooling, and rapid transportation networks (like refrigerated trucks) to prevent spoilage.
• Examples: The massive cultivation of tulips in the Netherlands is a prime example of high-capital, high-labour market gardening. Similarly, farms located on the outskirts of major European and North American cities supplying daily fresh produce are highly intensive.
Step 4: Conclusion
The necessity to produce high-quality, perishable goods rapidly for demanding urban markets makes market gardening highly dependent on both skilled labour and high financial investment.
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Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
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Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Hunting and Food Gathering
The earliest human beings depended on their immediate environment for their sustenance. They subsisted on: (a) animals which they hunted; and (b) the edible plants which they gathered from forests in the vicinity. Primitive societies depended on wild animals. People located in very cold and extremely hot climates survived on hunting. The people in the coastal areas still catch fish though fishing has experienced modernisation due to technological development. Many species, now have become extinct or endangered due to illegal hunting (poaching). The early hunters used primitive tools made of stones, twigs or arrows so the number of animals killed was limited. Gathering and hunting are the oldest economic activity known. These are carried out at different levels with different orientations. Gathering is practised in regions with harsh climatic conditions. It often involves primitive societies, who extract both plants and animals to satisfy their needs for food, shelter and clothing. This type of activity requires a small amount of capital investment and operates at very low levels of technology. The yield per person is very low and little or no surplus is produced.- Name a major shipping canal.
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