Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The growth duration of a crop represents the total days required from seed germination to physiological maturity.
This duration is highly genetically and environmentally determined, varying across different varieties and cultivars of rice (*Oryza sativa*).
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Cultivated rice varieties are classified into short, medium, and long-duration categories based on their life cycle:
1. Short-duration varieties (e.g., early maturing cultivars) complete their life cycle in approximately $110\text{ to }120 \text{ days}$.
2. Medium-duration varieties require around $120\text{ to }140 \text{ days}$ to mature.
3. Long-duration varieties (such as traditional deep-water or late-maturing photo-sensitive cultivars) can take up to $150\text{ to }210 \text{ days}$ to reach physiological maturity.
Therefore, the general range encompassing the vast majority of cultivated rice varieties worldwide is 110 to 210 days.
The other options ($80-90$ days, $90-100$ days) are too short to allow for vegetative growth and grain filling, while $250-260$ days is much longer than the standard life cycle of cultivated rice.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The life cycle of cultivated rice is completed in 110-210 days, corresponding to option (C).