How do you convert Acetophenone to Benzoic acid ?
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Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Writing the structure of acetophenone. Acetophenone is represented as \[ C_6H_5COCH_3 \] where \[ C_6H_5- \] represents the phenyl group and \[ -COCH_3 \] represents the ketonic side chain.
Step 2: Choosing a suitable oxidising agent. Strong oxidising agents used for this conversion are: \[ KMnO_4 \] or \[ K_2Cr_2O_7/H^+ \] These oxidising agents are capable of oxidising the side chain attached to the benzene ring.
Step 3: Oxidation of acetophenone. On heating acetophenone with acidified potassium permanganate, the side chain undergoes oxidation. The methyl ketone side chain is ultimately converted into a carboxyl group attached to the benzene ring. The reaction is \[ C_6H_5COCH_3 \xrightarrow[\Delta]{KMnO_4/H^+} C_6H_5COOH \] The product formed is benzoic acid.
Step 4: Identification of the product. The compound obtained after oxidation is \[ C_6H_5COOH \] which is known as benzoic acid. Thus, \[ \boxed{\text{Acetophenone} \rightarrow \text{Benzoic Acid}} \]
Step 5: Writing the complete conversion. \[ \boxed{ C_6H_5COCH_3 \xrightarrow[\Delta]{KMnO_4/H^+} C_6H_5COOH } \]
Final Answer: Acetophenone is converted into benzoic acid by oxidation with hot acidified potassium permanganate or potassium dichromate. \[ \boxed{ C_6H_5COCH_3 \xrightarrow[\Delta]{KMnO_4/H^+} C_6H_5COOH } \]
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