Explain with the help of Henry's law: (i) Bends (ii) Anoxia
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Solution and Explanation
Henry's law states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid: $p = K_H \cdot x$.
Step 2: Analysis (i) Bends
Deep-sea divers breathe compressed air at high pressure. At elevated pressure, more nitrogen gas dissolves in the blood (Henry's law). When they ascend rapidly, the pressure decreases suddenly. The dissolved nitrogen forms bubbles in the blood vessels and joints, causing extreme pain and potentially fatal embolism, known as ``the bends'' or decompression sickness.
Step 3: Analysis (ii) Anoxia
At high altitudes, the atmospheric pressure is much lower than at sea level. By Henry's law, the lower partial pressure of oxygen means less oxygen dissolves in the blood. This deficiency of oxygen available to the body tissues is called anoxia (oxygen deprivation). It causes symptoms like dizziness, weakness, and impaired thinking in climbers and mountaineers.
Final Answer: (i) Bends: At high pressure, $N_2$ dissolves in blood; rapid ascent causes bubble formation. (ii) Anoxia: At high altitude, low $p_{O_2}$ reduces $O_2$ solubility in blood, causing oxygen deficiency.
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