Examine the various problems of Indian agriculture.
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Solution and Explanation
Despite massive developments, Indian agriculture faces systemic bottlenecks that limit productivity and farmer prosperity.
Step 2: Meaning
These problems range from natural and geographic limitations to infrastructural and financial deficiencies.
Step 3: Analysis
• A major portion of Indian agriculture remains highly dependent on erratic monsoon rains, causing frequent crop failures during droughts.
• The average size of landholdings is extremely small and highly fragmented, which restricts the use of modern, large-scale farming machinery.
• There is a severe lack of widespread commercialization, with millions of farmers still trapped in low-yield subsistence agriculture.
• Farmers constantly battle institutional challenges, including inadequate rural credit facilities, massive post-harvest losses due to poor cold storage, and highly volatile market prices.
Step 4: Conclusion
These interconnected physical and institutional challenges prevent the agricultural sector from reaching its optimal economic potential. Final Answer: Indian agriculture struggles with heavy dependence on erratic monsoons, highly fragmented landholdings that prevent mechanization, lack of modern storage infrastructure, and insufficient credit facilities, all of which suppress productivity.
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Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Hunting and Food Gathering
The earliest human beings depended on their immediate environment for their sustenance. They subsisted on: (a) animals which they hunted; and (b) the edible plants which they gathered from forests in the vicinity. Primitive societies depended on wild animals. People located in very cold and extremely hot climates survived on hunting. The people in the coastal areas still catch fish though fishing has experienced modernisation due to technological development. Many species, now have become extinct or endangered due to illegal hunting (poaching). The early hunters used primitive tools made of stones, twigs or arrows so the number of animals killed was limited. Gathering and hunting are the oldest economic activity known. These are carried out at different levels with different orientations. Gathering is practised in regions with harsh climatic conditions. It often involves primitive societies, who extract both plants and animals to satisfy their needs for food, shelter and clothing. This type of activity requires a small amount of capital investment and operates at very low levels of technology. The yield per person is very low and little or no surplus is produced.- Examine the role of climate, water availability, and soil fertility on the distribution of world population.
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Top CBSE CLASS XII Agriculture Questions
- Explain the difference between cottage and large-scale industries in the world, with examples.
- Identify the type of agriculture predominantly practised in the Australian Downs.
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- Explain the dependence on erratic monsoon and low productivity as the problems of Indian agriculture.
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