Question

According to Lawrence A. Appley, the term management is defined as:

• A. Conduct of affairs of a business, moving its objective through a continuous process of improvement and optimization of resources
• B. An art of getting things done through the efforts of other people
• C. An enterprise, which concerns itself with the direction, and control of the various activities to attain business objectives
• D. It embraces all functions that relate to the initiation of an enterprise

Hint:

Associate Appley with "People".
His core contribution emphasized that management is personnel administration, not just procedural task management.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Management theorists have defined the discipline through various human resource and organizational lenses.
Lawrence A. Appley was a noted management theorist and president of the American Management Association.
Detailed Explanation:
Appley's classical definition of management focuses on leadership and personnel coordination.
He defined management as: "the art of getting things done through the efforts of other people."
This definition emphasizes that management is not about executing tasks directly.
Instead, it focuses on guiding, motivating, and coordinating team members to meet organizational goals.
Looking at the options:
- Option (B) matches Lawrence A. Appley's definition.
- Other options describe general systems or administrative functions, which do not align with his specific definition.

Step 2: Final Answer:
According to Lawrence A. Appley, management is the art of getting things done through the efforts of other people.