Question

(a) “The most unique feature of the Harappan civilization was the development of urban centres.” Explain.

Hint:

The urban planning of Harappan civilization highlights their advanced knowledge of engineering and governance.

Answer 1

The Harappan civilization, one of the earliest urban cultures, showcased advanced urban planning: 
1. Grid Pattern Town Planning: Cities like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa were built on a grid layout, with streets intersecting at right angles. 
2. Drainage System: A sophisticated underground drainage system ensured sanitation and hygiene. 
3. Public and Private Architecture: Cities had public structures like the Great Bath and granaries alongside private dwellings with standardized bricks.
4. Trade and Commerce: Harappan cities were centers of trade, with evidence of interactions with Mesopotamia and Central Asia. 
5. Standardized Weights and Measures: Uniform systems of weights and measures indicate organized economic activities.