(a) Examine the causes and events of the Non-Cooperation Movement.
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Solution and Explanation
The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–1922) was a significant milestone in India's freedom struggle:
Causes: The Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh massacre created widespread resentment against British rule. The Khilafat Movement united Hindus and Muslims for a common cause. Exploitation of Indian resources for British benefits intensified demands for Swaraj.
Events: Gandhi urged boycotts of British goods, schools, courts, and titles. The Chauri Chaura incident, where protestors clashed with police, led to the movement's suspension. The movement united Indians across caste and religion, laying the groundwork for future struggles.
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